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İÇİNDEKİLER
TABLE OF CONTENT
ÖNSÖZ 7
TABLE OF CONTENT 9
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 13
INTRODUCTION 15
PART I
LEGAL REGULATIONS REGARDING
TRADEMARK LAW
I. RESOURCES OF EUROPEAN UNION TRADEMARK LAW 17
II. RESOURCES OF TURKISH TRADEMARK LAW 19
PART II
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT
TRADEMARK RIGHTS
I. DEFINITION OF TRADEMARK 23
II. TRADEMARK RIGHT 25
A. Characteristics of Trademark Right 25
1. Intangible Characteristic 25
2. Monopolistic Condition 26
3. Timeliness and Renewability 26
4. Being Subject to Legal Actions 27
5. Principle of Territoriality 28
6. Based on Voluntariness 30
7. Principle of Exhaustion 30
B. The Scope of Trademark Right 32
III. METHODS OF ACQUISITION OF TRADEMARK RIGHTS 35
A. The Acquisition of the Trademark Right By Way of Use 36
B. The Acquisition of the Trademark Right By Way of Use Registration 38
C. The Acquisition of the Trademark Right under Turkish and
European Unıon Trademark Law 40
PART III
INFRINGEMENT OF TRADEMARK RIGHTS
I. PREREQUISITE LEGAL CONDITIONS FOR TRADEMARK
INFRINGEMENT 43
A. Use of the Trademark without the Owner’s Consent 43
B. Use of the Trademark for Commercial Purposes 44
C. Use of the Trademark in the Protection of the Trademark 44
D. Use of the Trademark Where it is Registered 45
II. ACTIONS INFRINGING A TRADEMARK RIGHT 46
A. Unauthorized Use of Trademark 49
1. Use of a Sign Identical to a Registered Trademark for the
ProductsServices Covered by the Registration 50
2. The Use of any Sign That İs İdenticalConfusingly Similar
to the Registered Trademark and That Covers the Same or
Similar GoodsServices as the GoodsServices Covered
by the Registered Trademark, and Therefore İs Likely To
Cause Confusion Among the Public, İncluding the Possibility
of Association With the Registered Trademark. 50
a. Similarity of Trademarks 53
b. Similarity between Trademark Classes 53
c. Customer Perception 54
d. The Distinctive Power of the Trademark 54
e. Likelihood of Association 54
f. Holisticuation 55
3. Unjustified Use of a Sign That İs İdenticalSimilar to a
Registered Trademark and That Would Gain an Unfair
Advantage From the Reputation of the Trademark Due to
the Level of Recognition İt Has Achieved,That Would
Harm its ReputationDamage İts Distinctive Character,
Regardless of Whether the GoodsServices Are the
Same, Similar,Different 56
a. Existence of a Reputable Trademark 56
b. The Impact of Unauthorized Use on Reputable
Trademark 59
(1) Gaining a Unjust Advantage 59
(2) Damage to the Reputation of the Trademark 59
(3) Damage to the Distinctiveness Character of
the Trademark 60
B. Affixing the Sign to the Goodsto the Packaging of Those Goods 60
C. ImportingExporting Goods Bearing the Registered
Trademarka Similar Mark without Authorization 61
D. Putting the Goods on the Market, Offering Them as
Deliverable,Stocking Them for These Purposes under the
Sign,OfferingSupplying Services 65
E. Using the Registered Trademarka Similar Mark in
Advertising, Promotion,Online Activities 69
F. Use the Sign in Comparative Advertisements 73
G. Use of the Sign as a Trade NameCompany Name 74
H. ExtendingTransferring Rights to Third Parties Without the
Licensor’s Permission 75
1. Regarding Duration 77
2. Regarding Location 77
3. Regarding Quantity 78
4. Regarding Products and Services 78
5. Through Sub–Licensing 78
PART IV
LEGAL REMEDIES FOR THE TRADEMARK OWNER
WHOSE RIGHTS HAVE BEEN INFRINGED
I. REQUEST FOR DETECTION OF INFRINGEMENT 81
II. REQUEST TO PREVENT THE POSSIBILITY INFRINGEMENT 82
III. REQUEST TO TERMINATE THE INFRINGEMENT 82
IV. REQUEST FOR REPRESENTATION OF INFRINGEMENT 83
V. REQUEST FOR COMPENSATION 84
A. Material Compensation 84
B. Non–Material Compensation 89
C. Reputation Compensation 90
VI. ADDITIONAL CLAIMS THAT MAY BE MADE BY THE TRADEMARK
OWNER 92
A. Confiscation Of Products and Other Properties 92
B. Request To Take the Necessary Measures to Prevent the
Continuation of Infringement 93
C. Announcement of the Ruling and Notification to Related Parties 94
D. Interim Measures and Customs Seizure 95
1. Interim Measures 95
2. Customs Seizure 96
PART V
PROCEDURAL ASPECTS OF TRADEMARK
INFRINGEMENT CASES
I. PARTIES TO THE ACTION OF TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT 101
A. Complainant 101
1. The Owner of the Trademark 101
2. Licensee 102
a. Non– Exclusive Licensee 104
b. Exclusive Licensee 105
3. Owner of the trademark as exclusive licensor 105
4. Lienor 106
5. Owner of a Well–Known Trademark under the Paris
Convention 107
B. Defendant 107
1. RealLegal Person Performing Prohibited Actions of
Infringement 107
2. Licensee 108
3. Those Who Participate in, Assist in, Encounter or
Facilitate Infringement 108
4. Persons Who Cannot Be Claimed due to Infringement of
the Trademark 109
VII. COMPETENT COURTS IN CASE OF TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT 113
VIII. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS 116
IX. MEDIATIONMENTPRIORTOFILINGALAWSUITINCOURT 117
PART VI
CRIMES INVOLVING TRADEMARKS AS A RESULT OF
TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT 119
CONCLUSION 121
BIBLIOGRAPHY 135 |
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