İÇİNDEKİLER
CONTENTS
About the Author 11
FOREWORD 13
CHAPTER 1
ACCOUNTING AND/OR AUDIT SCANDALS 31
INTRODUCTION 31
1. The Relationship Between Accounting and Auditing 32
2. Some of the Top Accounting/Auditing Scandals of Our Time 35
2.1. Enron Scandal 36
2.2. WorldCom Scandal 41
2.3. Waste Management Scandal 43
2.4. Xerox Scandal 44
2.5. Satyam Scandal 45
2.6. Parmalat Scandal 46
2.7. Lehman Brothers Scandal 48
2.8. Wirecard Scandal 49
3. Regulations Made After the Scandals 51
3.1. International Regulatory Bodies and Standards 52
3.2. Sarbanes–Oxley (SOX) Act 58
3.3. Impact of Scandals on Independent Audit in Türkiye 62
4. Looking Behind the Scene: A Closer Look at the Wirecard Scandal 65
CONCLUSION 75
CHAPTER 2
CURRENT DEBATES ON AUDIT 77
INTRODUCTION 77
1. A Panoramic View of the Global Audit Industry 80
2. Is the Audit Really Independent? 89
3. Is Financial Audit a Sufficient Instrument to Prevent Scandals? 100
4. PCAOB’s Proposal: Non–Compliance with Laws and Regulations (NOCLAR) 103
5. Objections to PCAOB's Proposal 105
6. How Should We Understand the Strong Opposition to NOCLAR? 108
CONCLUSION 112
CHAPTER 3
CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING INTOSAI AUDITING STANDARDS AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS 115
INTRODUCTION 115
1. About INTOSAI 118
2. The INTOSAI Framework of Professional Pronouncements (IFPP) 121
3. Types of Public–Sector Audit and Basic Elements of Public–Sector Auditing 125
4. Challenges in Implementing INTOSAI Auditing Standards and Proposed Solutions 129
4.1. Financial Audit Standards 129
4.2. Compliance Audit Standards 138
4.3. Performance Audit Standards 144
CONCLUSION 150
CHAPTER 4
ON THE INCONSISTENCIES OF FINANCIAL AUDIT 157
INTRODUCTION 157
1. Philosophy of Financial Audit 160
2. Inconsistencies of Financial Audit 164
2.1. Repeatability and Efficiency Dilemma 165
2.2. The Challenge of Designing Audit Procedures in a Double–Entry Accounting System 170
2.3. The Challenge of Deriving Qualitative Results from Quantitative Analysis: Auditor's Responses to the Assessed Risks 178
2.4. The Conundrum in Calculating Audit Risk 184
2.5. Key Audit Matters: Towards Another Audit Type? 195
CONCLUSION 203
EPILOGUE: SOME REMARKS ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF AUDITING 209
A DIALOGUE ON THE RELEVANCE OF AUDIT 221
REFERENCES 241 |