The study set out to explain why, despite advanced technologies and an expanding legal framework, the adoption of electronic bills of lading has not yet reached a complete and uniform stage. it examined the rise of blockchain-based electronic bills of lading—referred to in this book as blockchain bili of lading—which aim to overcome long standing lim-itations of paper documents by enhancing security, authenticity and traceability. The analysis shows that even such sophisticated solutions encounter persistent obstacles related to legal recognition, interopera-bility and the established practices of commercial actors. Taken together, the fındings indicate that progress depends on the effective alignment of law, technology and commercial practice.

The book further investigates the structural and regulatory factors that shape the transition from paper based to electronic documentation. ituates how international conventions, national legal systems and industry standards interact, and identifıes the points at which inconsist-encies and gaps continue to hinder vvidespread adoption. Within this landscape, blockchain bills of lading serve as a focal example of both potential and challenge. They address issues of trust, authenticity and transferability, while also raising questions that demand coherent legal treatment and technical compatibility across jurisdictions and platforms.